The ability to cause changes in the DNA of cells is called:

Mutagenicity refers specifically to the capacity of certain agents, known as mutagens, to induce changes or alterations in the DNA sequence of an organism. These mutations can range from minor alterations, such as base-pair substitutions, to larger structural changes, including insertions or deletions of DNA segments. Understanding mutagenicity is crucial for evaluating the potential risks associated with exposure to various chemicals, radiation, or biological agents, particularly in relation to genetic integrity and the potential for heritable changes.

The other terms relate to different types of biological effects. Teratogenicity focuses on substances that can cause malformations or developmental abnormalities in a developing fetus. Fetotoxicity addresses toxic effects specifically on the fetus that might not necessarily include changes in DNA but affect overall health or development. Embryotoxicity deals with adverse effects on early embryonic development. While these concepts are interconnected concerning developmental biology and toxicology, they do not describe the process of causing changes to DNA itself.